Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela besakhiwo nokwakhiwa, ukukhethwa kwezinto zokwakha kudlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni impumelelo nokuhlala isikhathi eside kwephrojekthi. Phakathi kwezinketho ezihlukahlukene ezitholakalayo, amapayipi ensimbi asongwe futhi ashiselwe kuvele njengendlela ekhethwayo yezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zesakhiwo. Lesi sihloko sicubungula izizathu zokuduma kwabo futhi sihlola izinzuzo zabo ezihlukile kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo.
|
|
|
Ingabe Isilinganiso Samandla Nesisindo Somapayipi Agoqiwe Nashiselwe Siyizuzisa Kanjani Imiklamo Yesakhiwo?
Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko amapayipi ensimbi agingqiwe futhi ashiselwe athandwa kumaphrojekthi wesakhiwo isilinganiso sawo esiyingqayizivele samandla nesisindo. Lesi sici sivumela onjiniyela nabadwebi bezakhiwo ukuthi bakhe izakhiwo eziqinile ngaphandle kwesisindo eseqile, into ebaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Amapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe akhiqizwa ngenqubo ethuthukisa ubuqotho bawo besakhiwo. Inqubo yokugingqa iqondanisa ukwakheka kokusanhlamvu kwensimbi, ikhulise amandla ayo wonke. Kamuva, inqubo yokushisela idala ukujoyina okungenamthungo, okuqhubeka nokuqinisa amakhono esakhiwo sepayipi. Le nhlanganisela iphumela emkhiqizweni ongakwazi ukumelana nemithwalo ebalulekile kuyilapho uhlala ulula uma uqhathaniswa namalungu ensimbi eqinile anamandla afanayo.
Izinzuzo zalesi silinganiso esiphakeme samandla nesisindo ziningi. Okokuqala, ivumela ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezinde futhi ezinwebekayo ngaphandle kokuyekethisa ekuzinzeni. Amabhilidi namabhuloho amade, ngokwesibonelo, avame ukuthembela kuwo amapayipi ensimbi asongwe futhi ashiselwe ezakhini zabo eziyinhloko zesakhiwo. Okwesibili, isisindo esincishisiwe sihumusha ukwehlisa izindleko zokuhamba nezokufaka, okwenza lawa mapayipi abe yisinqumo esingabizi kakhulu samaphrojekthi amakhulu.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inzuzo yamandla kuya kwesisindo yamapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe inomthelela ekwenzeni ngcono ukusebenza kokuzamazama komhlaba. Ezifundeni ezijwayele ukuzamazama, izakhiwo zidinga ukuba ziqine futhi ziguquguquke. Izakhiwo ezingokwemvelo zala mapayipi zivumela ukuba zimunce futhi zihlakaze amandla e-seismic ngokuphumelelayo, okuthuthukisa ukuqina okuphelele kwesakhiwo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi isilinganiso samandla nesisindo singathuthukiswa ngokukhetha izinga elifanele lensimbi namapayipi ubukhulu. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela onjiniyela ukuthi bahlanganise izici zesakhiwo ngokuvumelana nezidingo ezithile zephrojekthi ngayinye, baqinisekise ukusebenza okuhle nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.
Kungani Ethandwa Amapayipi Agoqwe Ngama-Diameter Amakhulu Futhi Ashiselwe Ekwakhiweni Kwebhuloho Nasebhilidini?
Amapayipi ensimbi anobubanzi obukhulu agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe athole ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho nokwakhiwa kwebhilidi, ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo eziyingqayizivele nokuhlukahluka. Ukuthandwa kwabo kule mikhakha kungabangelwa izici ezimbalwa ezibalulekile.
Okokuqala, amapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu ahlinzeka ngomthamo omuhle kakhulu wokuthwala. Ekwakhiweni kwebhuloho, lawa mapayipi avame ukusetshenziswa njengamakholomu okusekela ayinhloko noma njengengxenye yesakhiwo sedekhi yebhuloho. Ikhono labo lokusabalalisa imithwalo ngokulinganayo kuyo yonke indawo ephambanayo eyindilinga izenza zilungele ukusekela isisindo esikhulu samadekhi amabhuloho kanye nemithwalo eguquguqukayo yethrafikhi yezimoto.
Ekwakhiweni kwesakhiwo, amapayipi amakhulu agqinsiwe futhi ashiselwe ngokuvamile asetshenziswa esakhiweni esiyinhloko sezakhiwo eziphakeme. Basebenza njengamalungu asekelayo aqondile, akwazi ukudlulisa imithwalo kahle ukusuka ezitezi ezingaphezulu ukuya kwisisekelo. Imvelo yamapayipi engenalutho ivumela ukuhlanganiswa kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphakathi kwezakhi zesakhiwo, kwandiswe indawo yaphansi esebenzisekayo - inzuzo enkulu ekwakhiweni kwedolobha lapho isikhala siphezulu kakhulu.
Enye inzuzo yamapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu kulezi zinhlelo zokusebenza ukuguquguquka kwawo kobuhle. Indawo ebushelelezi, eqhubekayo yala mapayipi ingashiywa obala njengesici sezakhiwo, esinomthelela emiklamo yesimanje, ekhuthazwe yizimboni. Ngaphandle kwalokho, zingafihlwa kalula noma zihlanganiswe ezinhlelweni ezihlukene ze-facade, zinikeze abakhi bezakhiwo ukuguquguquka kokuklama.
Ukumelana nokugqwala kwe amapayipi ensimbi asongwe futhi ashiselwe esinye isici esivumela ukusetshenziswa kwazo emabhulohweni nasezakhiwo. Uma ephethwe kahle noma emboziwe, la mapayipi angakwazi ukumelana nezimo zemvelo ezinzima, okuhlanganisa ukuchayeka kumswakama, isifutho sikasawoti, nezinto ezingcolisa umoya. Lokhu kuqina kusho ukwehlisa izindleko zokulungisa kanye nempilo enwetshiwe yesevisi yezakhiwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwamapayipi anobubanzi obukhulu kungaholela ezinqubweni zokwakha ezisebenza kahle. Imvelo yabo eyakhiwe ngaphambili ivumela ukuhlangana ngokushesha endaweni, ukunciphisa isikhathi sokwakha kanye nezindleko zomsebenzi. Lokhu kusebenza kahle kubaluleke kakhulu kumaphrojekthi wamabhuloho lapho ngokuvamile kubaluleke kakhulu ukunciphisa ukuphazamiseka kwezimoto ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa.
Yikuphi Ukubekezelelana Kwezokukhiqiza Okwenza Lawa Mapayipi Afanele Imithwalo Ebalulekile Yesakhiwo?
Ukufaneleka kwamapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe ukulayisha imithwalo yesakhiwo esibucayi kakhulu kubangelwa ukubekezelelana okuqinile kokukhiqiza okugcinwa ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwawo. Lokhu kubekezelelwa kuqinisekisa ukuvumelana kobukhulu bamapayipi, izakhiwo zezinto ezibonakalayo, kanye nekhwalithi iyonke, okubalulekile ekusebenzeni kwawo ngaphansi kwezinhlelo zokusebenza ezidingekayo zesakhiwo.
Esinye sezici eziyinhloko zokubekezelelana kokukhiqiza ukunemba kwe-dimensional. Amapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe akhiqizwa ngokulawula okunembile phezu kobubanzi bawo bangaphandle, ukujiya kodonga, nobude. Isibonelo, amapayipi ekhwalithi ephezulu angase abe nokubekezelela kobubanzi obuqinile njengo-±0.5% kanye nokubekezelela ukushuba kodonga okungu-±5%. Leli zinga lokunemba libalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukulingana okufanele ngesikhathi sokuhlanganiswa nokugcina umthamo obaliwe wokuthwala umthwalo wesakhiwo.
Ukuqondile kungokunye ukubekezelelana okubalulekile ekwenziweni kwala mapayipi. Ngokusetshenziswa kwesakhiwo, amapayipi ngokuvamile adingeka ukuthi abe nokuchezuka okukhulu kusukela ekuqondeni okungu-0.2% wobude obuphelele. Lokhu kubekezelela kubalulekile ekugcineni ubuqotho besakhiwo samakholomu nezinye izakhi ezithwala umthwalo, njengoba ngisho nokuchezuka okuncane kungaholela ekulayisheni okugxilile kanye nokuncipha kwamandla okuthwala umthwalo.
Inqubo yokushisela ngokwayo ingaphansi kwezinyathelo eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi. Amasu esimanje wokushisela, njengokushisela i-arc engaphansi kwamanzi esetshenziswa kumapayipi e-LSAW (Longitudinal Submerged Arc Welded), akhiqiza amashisela anobuqotho obuphezulu anokukhubazeka okuncane. Ikhwalithi yokushisela ivamise ukuqinisekiswa ngezindlela zokuhlola ezingalimazi njengokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasonic noma ukuhlolwa kwe-radiographic, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-weld seam iqine njengesisekelo sezinto.
Ukwakheka kwezinto kanye nezakhiwo zemishini nazo zilawulwa ngokuqinile. Insimbi esetshenziswa kulawa mapayipi kufanele ihlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zokwakheka kwamakhemikhali ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla angaguquki, i-ductility, kanye nokushisela. Izakhiwo zikagesi ezinjengamandla esivuno, amandla aqinile, nobude ziyahlolwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthobelana namazinga afanelekile njenge-API 5L noma i-ASTM A53.
Ukuqedwa kwendawo nokuyindilinga amapharamitha engeziwe aqashwe eduze. Ukuqedwa okubushelelezi kunciphisa ukugxila kwengcindezi futhi kuthuthukisa ukumelana nokugqwala, kuyilapho ukulondoloza ukujikeleza phakathi kokubekezelelana okucacisiwe kubalulekile ekusabalaliseni okulinganayo komthwalo kanye nokuxhumana okufanele nezinye izici zesakhiwo.
Lokhu kubekezelela okuqinile kokukhiqiza ngokuhlanganyela kuqinisekisa ukuthi amapayipi ensimbi agingqelwe futhi ashiselwe angakwazi ukusingatha ngokuthembekile imithwalo yesakhiwo esibucayi. Banikeza onjiniyela ukuzethemba ukuze basunduze imingcele yokuklama kwesakhiwo, bazi ukuthi izinto zokwakha zizokwenza njengoba kulindelekile ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene zokulayisha.
I-Longma Group igxile ekukhiqizeni amapayipi ensimbi asongwe futhi ashiselwe ezihambisana namazinga ahlukahlukene wamazwe ngamazwe ahlanganisa i-API 5L, i-ASTM A53, i-ASTM A500, i-ASTM A252, ne-ASTM A795. Ibanga lomkhiqizo wabo lihlanganisa amadayamitha angaphandle ukusuka ku-1/2" ukuya ku-72" nogqinsi ukusuka ku-SCH10 kuya ku-SCH160. Ngenani elikhulu lesitoko esingamathani angama-50-150, bayakwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zephrojekthi encane nenkulu. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe noma ukuxoxa ngezidingo zakho ezithile, sicela ungangabazi ukuxhumana nazo ku info@longma-group.com. Ithimba labo lizinikele ekuhlinzekeni ngemikhiqizo emihle kakhulu namasevisi ahambisana nezidingo zephrojekthi yakho yesakhiwo.
